South Africa Free Essays

Sindy Veritus March 9, 2013 Global Studies: Argumentative Essay South African Apartheid in South Africa was an arrangement of racial isolation upheld through enactment by the National Party government from 1948 to 1994 of South Africa. Racial isolation in South Africa started in frontier times by the Dutch and British. Politically-sanctioned racial segregation as an official approach was presented following the general political race in 1948. We will compose a custom paper test on South Africa or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Politically-sanctioned racial segregation was created after War World II by the Afrikaner-overwhelmed National Party and was first colonized by the Dutch and afterward the English came in and removed a large portion of it. The number of inhabitants in South Africa was characterized into four gatherings which was the Black, White, Indian, and Colored. The Colored gathering included individuals viewed as being of blended plummet including individuals of Bantu, and European family and significantly more. Realizing that Apartheid was an arrangement of laws made to keep the white populace in charge. The Group Areas demonstration of 1951 controlled individuals where they could of live. The dark where driven far away from their city, despite the fact that their employments were still in the urban communities in the white neighborhood. The Bantu training Act implied that the dark understudies were distraught with their instruction. â€Å"Bus tolls were costly and getting open vehicle regular was costly and caused difficulty and misery for the individuals of color. † (Wikipedia) The politically-sanctioned racial segregation strategy was exceptionally powerful of accomplishing its objective of favored direct for whites. Then again, the white populace bolstered politically-sanctioned racial segregation since they felt it was there to claim the place where there is South Africa. There were many white ace politically-sanctioned racial segregation individuals as a result of the a lot bigger populace of dark South Africans making the white individuals accept that if the dark were given rights and opportunity, they would of no longer have political force. The white individuals were concerned in light of the fact that they imagined that their race would be dominated and they would lose the control that they generally had. As a last point, In February 1990 President FW de Klerk reported the arrival of Nelson Mandela and started the prohibition of the Apartheid framework. In 1992 a white gathering affirmed the change procedure and on April 27, 1994 the main vote based decisions were held in South Africa with individuals of every single distinctive race having the option to cast a ballot. After the Apartheid reached a conclusion in South Africa, individuals had more opportunity. The Africans presently have somewhat more cash now that it’s not all heading off to the white. South Africa is presently serene and the commemoration of the decisions, which was hung on April 27, is praised as an open occasion in South Africa known as Freedom Day. Step by step instructions to refer to South Africa, Essay models

Every Person Is an Architect of His Own Future

Each individual is an engineer of his future. Talk about. First draft Batyrkhan Saniya, ID 20122886 Academic Reading and Writing Course GEN 1120 Turgan Zhanadilov 12 February 2013 Outline I. Presentation. Theory articulation: Although a few people accept that it is very difficult to deal with the future as a result of unavoidable destiny, there appear to be no uncertainty that the individual and just individual is a maker of things to come. II. Body. A. Initially, the future relies upon person’s disposition to life. 1. Motivating yourself 2. Doing everything with affection B.Second, individual and no one but individual can make positive conditions throughout their life. 1. Experience of fruitful individuals D. Notwithstanding, a few people contend that nobody can deal with what's to come. 1. The fate 2. Life conditions III. End. Which means of the â€Å"Every man is a draftsman of his future† cause general society to comprehend the expression in various manners. A few p eople become rich and fruitful by a possibility, while others arrive at their objectives after a long battle. As per Dahl and Ransom (1999), well off individuals may help to needy individuals, however they won't cause needy individuals to become as rich as they are.Why they won't make them rich? Somebody may state that well off man can't make poor man rich on the grounds that being poor and being affluent is the destiny. Others may state that living in riches relies upon individual: if needy individual would prefer not to be rich, he won't be rich; yet he can be well off on the off chance that he truly need it. A few people trust in nature’s laws that everything in this world is connected and nothing can happen simply like you need; while others realize that everything in their grasp, that they are experts of their life, they are making their fate by themselves.Although a few people accept that it is very difficult to deal with the future as a result of inescapable destiny, t here appear to be no uncertainty that the individual and just individual is a maker of things to come. One of the fundamental explanations behind saying that everybody is a modeler of his future is the person’s disposition to life. Our future is the thing that we are thinking and doing now. We making following day by musings, wishes, conduct, and so forth. That is valid! There isn't just a single conceivable course of occasions throughout your life. Each individual has a few variations of a fate, and everybody pick the way which the person in question needs to follow.The issue is the means by which individuals feel about a circumstance that drives them to settle on this decision. Nearly everybody meet with certain obstructions on their life street, and numerous individuals consider them to be something overpowering, unsalvageable. Others consider these to be as a test. They consider them to be not an impasse, yet the chance. In all the occasions that occur around us, for some body there are openings and for others might be â€Å"dead end†. For instance, Steil (2007) in his article referenced about a young lady, who nearly lost the capacity to see and move as a result of mishap, bizarre accident.Doctors said that the circumstance is extremely awful, and numerous individuals may surrender in her place. Be that as it may, this young lady trusted herself and in her quality, she was emphatically situated to everything. It was reflected in her disposition to herself and others. Regardless of how the circumstance was awful, she could battle with this obstruction and move directly to her objectives. Another explanation is that the individual and no one but individual can make positive conditions throughout their life. The one of genuine models for that are the fruitful people.Not understanding that advancement can cause individual to feel like the apocalypse, however individuals who are the symbols for entire world show that overwhelming disappointments a re simply one more stop making progress toward progress. For instance, Marilyn Monroe's first agreement with Columbia Pictures lapsed on the grounds that they revealed to her she wasn't pretty or capable enough to be an on-screen character. Monroeâ kept stopping ceaselessly and now she is one of the most notable on-screen characters and sex images ever (http://marilynmonroe. com/history/).Oprah Winfrey was terminated from her TV detailing work since they disclosed to her she wasn't fit to be on screen. But Winfrey reboundedâ and turned into the undisputed sovereign of TV syndicated programs. She's likewise a very rich person (http://www. oprah. com/list. html). These are the one of the world's most noteworthy examples of overcoming adversity of individuals, who simply happen to have understanding of huge disappointment that could have handily made them surrender. In any case, they didn't and now they're the landmarks of accomplishment that they are associated with, a great wells pring of support when it feels like you will never make it to the top.However, a few people contend that nobody can deal with the future due to the predetermination and life conditions. As Conchalovsky says (2005), â€Å"For each individual, there is a predetermination. Nothing happens incidentally, everything happens on account of some law or different things. † There is a nature’s law that everything originates from something, all subjects and articles are identified with one another. Another model is unavoidable life circumstances happening every now and again these days that can destroy plans of human at whenever. Be that as it may, as it was composed, the demeanor to life assists with battling with these situations.To finish up, our life is intricate and flighty. Frequently individuals imagine that nobody can avoid the destiny, that we were conceived and live on a specific situation, and that everything what predetermined above will occur. In any case, not many of us have considered the way that individual makes the future, person’s activities, musings, wants and emotions. Continuously recollect that individuals are the makers of things to come, so they should make it with excitement, uncover the imaginative potential. Reference list: Ransom, M. R. , ; Dahl, G. B. (1999).Does Where You Stand Depend on Where You Sit? Tithing Donations and Self-Serving Beliefs. American Economic Reviewâ (pp. 703â€727). American Economic Association. Recovered February 9, 2013 from www. jstor. organization Steil, M. (2007). Chto takoe pozitivnoe otnoshenie k zhizni? Recovered February 8, 2013 from www. shkolazhizni. ru Baraban, E. (2007). â€Å"The Fate of a Man† by Sergei Bondarchuk and the Soviet Cinema of Trauma. The Slavic and East European Journal,â 51(3), 514â€534. Recovered February 10, 2013 from: http://www. jstor. organization/stable/20459525 .

Ecstasy (MDMA) Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Ecstasy (MDMA) Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Drug Use Ecstasy/MDMA Print What to Know About Ecstasy Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 03, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 03, 2019 Diverse Images / Getting Images More in Addiction Drug Use Ecstasy/MDMA Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Ecstasy Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths & Common Questions Addiction & Withdrawal How to Get Help View All Back To Top Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), better known as ecstasy or molly, is a synthetic drug derived from amphetamine.?? People tend to use it recreationally because of the host of effects it can produce within an hour or so after taking a single dose, such as feelings of mental stimulation, decreased anxiety, and enhanced sensory perception. However, as with any street drug, using MDMA also comes with notable risks. Ecstasy became popular during the 1970s and 1980s when it became a mainstream street drug associated with music festivals, raves, concerts, and clubs. BZP (benzylpiperazine) is now also being used as a legal form of ecstasy. In 1985, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)  placed MDMA on the list of Schedule I drugs, meaning that it isnt used to treat any medical condition and it has a high potential for abuse.?? Also Known As: Other common names for MDMA include Adam, Beans, Clarity, E, Hug, Love drug, Molly, Roll, Scooby snacks, Snowball, X, or XTC. Drug Class: Ecstasy acts as both a stimulant and a hallucinogen. Common Side Effects: Some of the more common side effects of ecstasy include nausea, blurred vision, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and involuntary teeth clenching. How to Recognize Ecstasy Ecstasy usually comes in a small, colored tablet that may have a brand logo or cartoon character stamped on it. It can also come in a capsule, liquid, or powder form. It usually has a bitter taste. MDMA pills frequently include other dangerous substances such as meth, cocaine, ketamine, or LSD, so it is difficult to know exactly what the tablets contain. What Does Ecstasy Do? MDMA works by boosting the activity of three brain chemicals called neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.?? These chemicals play a part in a variety of functions such as mood, energy level, appetite, trust, sexual activity, emotions, and sleep. People who use ecstasy report feelings of euphoria, warmth, openness, and clarity as well as heightened sensations of touch, sound, and smell. Some people report feeling energetic and uninhibited. The effects typically begin within 30 minutes of taking the drug and last for three to six hours. What the Experts Say One five-year study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology found that only 60% of the ecstasy tablets they tested contained any MDMA at all.?? Those that did contain the drug were frequently mixed with other substances, most often bath salts (aka fake cocaine). In nearly a quarter of the samples tested, researchers were not even able to determine what substances the pills contained. The researchers suggested that offering on-site pill-testing stations at concerts and other social events where ecstasy is commonly consumed might reduce risks to users.     The fact that most ecstasy pills contain unknown substances is dangerous because people taking the drug dont know for sure what they are ingesting or how their body will react. Another danger is that potential interactions can occur between the ingredients as well as any other substances people use with MDMA such as alcohol, medications, or other drugs.?? The drug is often taken at social events such as raves and concerts due to its energizing effects. The problem is that it is impossible to know if these effects are due to the drug itself or the presence of other stimulants that ecstasy is often mixed with. Off-Label Uses MDMA was originally developed in 1912 as a pharmaceutical compound to help synthesize medications to control bleeding. During the 1960s and 1970s, for example, a small number of psychiatrists started giving MDMA to their patients as a way to facilitate psychotherapy. Despite the fact that MDMA was not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), these doctors believed that it lowered their patients inhibitions, causing them to talk more openly and honestly. While MDMA is still on the list of Schedule I drugs, studies are being conducted to see if its effective in treating anxiety in people with a terminal illness, as well as those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).?? Common Side Effects Ecstasy can produce the positive effects that people seek in as little as 15 minutes, but it can also cause a variety of negative effects. MDMA isnt a harmless drugâ€"there are serious risks involved with taking it, including hyperthermia, cardiovascular effects, impaired mental capabilities, risky behavior, and overdose. Positive Effects Mental stimulation An increased sense of well-being Emotional warmth Empathy Feeling less reserved Decreased anxiety Increased energy Enhanced sensory perception Negative Effects Nausea Chills or hot flashes Sweating Teeth clenching Muscle cramping or stiffness Loss of appetite Disorganized thinking Dehydration Restless legs Agitation The Effects of MDMA on the Brain Hyperthermia: MDMA is often used during high-energy activity, such as dancing at clubs or music festivals. However, it limits your bodys ability to regulate your temperature, so when you engage in vigorous activity for long periods of time, youre at a higher risk of developing hyperthermia, a condition in which your body temperature becomes too high.?? Thankfully, hyperthermia is rare, but it needs to be treated immediately because it can quickly lead to muscle breakdown, which can then result in kidney failure and heart disturbances. Cardiovascular Effects: If you use it regularly, taking MDMA can cause your heart to stop working efficiently, an especially dangerous effect if youre also engaging in strenuous activity. Impaired Mental Ability: In the hours after youve taken ecstasy, there are significant impairments in your mental abilities such as processing information, memory, concentration, and your capacity to judge motion.?? This underscores how dangerous it is to engage in activities like driving while youre under the influence of MDMA. Risky Behavior: Because MDMA lessens your inhibitions and causes feelings of trust and emotional warmth, youre more likely to engage in unsafe sexual activities that may result in getting (or giving) a sexually transmitted infection (STI) like hepatitis or HIV. Your risk of engaging in unsafe drug use, such as injecting yourself with a dirty needle, is also higher. Signs of Use Some of the common signs that someone might be using ecstasy include: The presence of drug paraphernalia (e.g., pills, tablets, powders)Dilated pupilsMood changesHigh and long-lasting energy levelsChanges in sleep habitsTeeth clenchingMuscle tensingChills or sweatsConfusionSensitive emotionsHigh levels of euphoria Ecstasy use can also lead to an accidental overdose. Using other drugs or alcohol with MDMA increases this risk. Overdose Signs to Watch For High blood pressureFeeling faintPanic attacksLoss of consciousnessSeizuresYou should contact emergency services immediately if you suspect someone has overdosed or is having a negative reaction to ecstasy. Myths Common Questions One common ecstasy myth is that it is a safe party drug with few long-term effects. However, many people still feel anxious, restless, irritable, and sad up to a week after using MDMA. People also sometimes have memory and concentration problems and experience lack of pleasure from sex. Similarly, increased anxiety, impulsive behavior, aggression, sleep issues, loss of appetite, and heart disease have been observed in regular MDMA users.?? Its not clear if all of these effects are strictly from MDMA use. Some of them may be related to other drugs that people often use along with MDMA. These effects may also be attributed to the other (often unknown) ingredients found in MDMA. Ecstasy (MDMA) Facts and Myths Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Some research, as well as anecdotal reports, suggest that people do develop a tolerance to ecstasy after repeated use. When tolerance occurs, people must increase the amount of the substance they take in order to feel the same effects that they initially experienced.   Research also suggests that ecstasy does have some dependence potential. Dependence means that people have to keep taking the drug in order to avoid experiencing the negative effects of withdrawal. In the case of ecstasy, the risks of physical dependence seem to be less likely than those of psychological dependence. How Long Does Ecstasy Stay in Your System? How long ecstasy lasts and stays in your system depends on a number of factors including metabolism, body mass, hydration levels, and food intake. The effects of the drug usually start within 30 minutes of consumption and the high lasts from three to six hours. MDMA is usually detectable by urine drug tests for one to four days after taking the drug. The detection window can also be influenced by how much of the drug was taken.   How Long MDMA Stays in Your System Addiction The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reports that there has not been conclusive research indicating whether or not MDMA is addictive.?? Ecstasy impacts many of the same neurotransmitter sites that are targeted by other addictive substances.  Animal studies have found that animals will self-administer the drug, but the research suggests that this effect is less pronounced than it is with other addictive drugs such as cocaine.   Withdrawal When you use MDMA, your brain releases a flood of neurotransmitters that bring on the uplifting effects of the drug.?? Afterward, you may find it difficult to achieve the same levels of happiness because your brain has depleted these neurotransmitters. This can lead to withdrawal symptoms like: AnxietyConfusionInsomniaPoor memoryFatigueDifficulty concentratingDepression These symptoms of withdrawal can sometimes cause people to continue using in order to avoid feeling these unpleasant effects. How to Get Help If you feel that you have a problem with ecstasy use, its crucial that you get treatment. This will help you learn how to stop using MDMA, avoid substituting it with other drugs, and improve your mental health. Treatment options usually focus on behavioral therapies that help people change the underlying thought patterns that contribute to substance use.?? Cognitive-behavior therapy, individual counseling, and support groups are approaches that might be utilized in either outpatient or residential settings. If you are concerned about your ecstasy use, talk to your doctor about your treatment options or call the toll-free SAMHSA national hotline at 1-800-662-4357 to locate treatment services in your area.

The Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1874 Words

Revenge is a twisted concept, and has the ability to push people to their absolute limit. This is true when discussing William Shakespeare s play, The Tragedy of Hamlet, where the main character, Hamlet, begins going insane after the death of his father. His insanity is caused by a recent death in his family, his mother’s remarriage, the growing effects of trying to be something you are not, and the burning desire for revenge. His withering state of mind progressively worsens over time and is seen throughout the story line by everyone, that is everyone but Hamlet himself. Hamlet does not believe the things he is doing or events that are occurring are anywhere out of the ordinary, but perhaps that is because his imitation of insanity is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, thaw and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the everlasting had not fix d his canon gainst self-slaughter! O God! God! How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, se em to me all the uses of this world!† (I.ii.129-134). Here, Hamlet talks about how he wishes his skin would melt and he die. He is in complete despair over his fathers death and can not imagine what would push his father to committing suicide, or so he thinks. He produces pity for himself and begins to conjure up the theme of insanity here. Both of these events alert the reader that Hamlet is a very upset man and that he might engage in certain actions that someone with the right state of mind might not. Furthermore, aside from being upset, Hamlet also seems very confused at his father and at the world. He does not understand why his father, of all things, should have been taken from him and especially in the way that he did leave this world. He yells to God and does not think he deserves any of this. This quote provides the reader with the knowledge of prior cloudiness in judgement before Hamlet finds out who killed his father, which only adds to the fact that he does not rea lize his growing state of insanity over the time of the play. After partially accepting his father’s death, Hamlet has a talk with the ghost of his father and acquires the information of who killed his father. Once he realizes that the killer is King Claudius, Hamlet starts to convey

Essay on 3-D Diorama Of the Novel Night by Eli Wiesel

This 3-D diorama illustrates a significant scene in the novel Night. This story originated during the First World War in Sighet, Hungary. The Nazis were in power and they wanted to exterminate the Jewish population; this was referred to as the Holocaust. The religious town of Sighet has not been raided yet, so they’re expecting for the best. The main characters are Elizer and his father. Sadly, the Nazis reach Sighet and gather the Jews. They could only bring what they could carry, so homes and other valuables were left alone. In this scene, the Jewish population of the small town are being deported to Auschwitz. Auschwitz was the first concentration camp they were sent to, so this was going to have a huge impact on their lives. In the†¦show more content†¦The significant colors used are red and black within the scene. There are ruthless officers in the camp covered with blood from the assassinated victims. There is a huge crematorium where people would be burned afte r being killed. There is a red light inside to symbolize blood, screams and death. There are gray ashes rising from the crematorium and these are the only remains of the dead. The cattle car has just reached the Auschwitz station and the officers are preparing for a new batch of Jews. This scene shows the transition between the present and future. Furthermore, it illustrates what the victims of the Holocaust had to lose and endure for several years during the Great War. This scene (selection 2) illustrates an important twist in the beginning of the novel I have incorporated many presentation techniques to further enhance my diorama. For example, my presentation uses many literary devices such as mood, juxtapositions, allusions, imagery and symbols. On the stage, there are two different scenes. One half illustrates Sighet and the other illustrates the Auschwitz station. Firstly, the outside of my shoebox contains two dominant colors: black and white. On one side, it is completely black on the exterior. Black is commonly associated with power, death, struggles and many other negative aspects. This technique better illustrates the literary term imagery. The Nazis were in power and they violently killed the

The Lost Symbol Chapter 76-78 Free Essays

string(79) " on account of the turbulent water, and Andros had broken directly through it\." CHAPTER 76 Freedom Plaza is a map. Located at the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Thirteenth Street, the plaza’s vast surface of inlaid stone depicts the streets of Washington as they were originally envisioned by Pierre L’Enfant. The plaza is a popular tourist destination not only because the giant map is fun to walk on, but also because Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Symbol Chapter 76-78 or any similar topic only for you Order Now , for whom Freedom Plaza is named, wrote much of his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in the nearby Willard Hotel. D.C. cabdriver Omar Amirana brought tourists to Freedom Plaza all the time, but tonight, his two passengers were obviously no ordinary sightseers. The CIA is chasing them? Omar had barely come to a stop at the curb before the man and woman had jumped out. â€Å"Stay right here!† the man in the tweed coat told Omar. â€Å"We’ll be right back!† Omar watched the two people dash out onto the wide-open spaces of the enormous map, pointing and shouting as they scanned the geometry of intersecting streets. Omar grabbed his cell phone off the dashboard. â€Å"Sir, are you still there?† â€Å"Yes, Omar!† a voice shouted, barely audible over a thundering noise on his end of the line. â€Å"Where are they now?† â€Å"Out on the map. It seems like they’re looking for something.† â€Å"Do not let them out of your sight,† the agent shouted. â€Å"I’m almost there!† Omar watched as the two fugitives quickly found the plaza’s famous Great Seal–one of the largest bronze medallions ever cast. They stood over it a moment and quickly began pointing to the southwest. Then the man in tweed came racing back toward the cab. Omar quickly set his phone down on the dashboard as the man arrived, breathless. â€Å"Which direction is Alexandria, Virginia?† he demanded. â€Å"Alexandria?† Omar pointed southwest, the exact same direction the man and woman had just pointed toward. â€Å"I knew it!† the man whispered beneath his breath. He spun and shouted back to the woman. â€Å"You’re right! Alexandria!† The woman now pointed across the plaza to an illuminated â€Å"Metro† sign nearby. â€Å"The Blue Line goes directly there. We want King Street Station!† Omar felt a surge of panic. Oh no. The man turned back to Omar and handed him entirely too many bills for the fare. â€Å"Thanks. We’re all set.† He hoisted his leather bag and ran off. â€Å"Wait! I can drive you! I go there all the time!† But it was too late. The man and woman were already dashing across the plaza. They disappeared down the stairs into the Metro Center subway station. Omar grabbed his cell phone. â€Å"Sir! They ran down into the subway! I couldn’t stop them! They’re taking the Blue Line to Alexandria!† â€Å"Stay right there!† the agent shouted. â€Å"I’ll be there in fifteen seconds!† Omar looked down at the wad of bills the man had given him. The bill on top was apparently the one they had been writing on. It had a Jewish star on top of the Great Seal of the United States. Sure enough, the star’s points fell on letters that spelled MASON. Without warning, Omar felt a deafening vibration all around him, as if a tractor trailer were about to collide with his cab. He looked up, but the street was deserted. The noise increased, and suddenly a sleek black helicopter dropped down out of the night and landed hard in the middle of the plaza map. A group of black-clad men jumped out. Most ran toward the subway station, but one came dashing toward Omar’s cab. He yanked open the passenger door. â€Å"Omar? Is that you?† Omar nodded, speechless. â€Å"Did they say where they were headed?† the agent demanded. â€Å"Alexandria! King Street Station,† Omar blurted. â€Å"I offered to drive, but–â€Å" â€Å"Did they say where in Alexandria they were going?† â€Å"No! They looked at the medallion of the Great Seal on the plaza, then they asked about Alexandria, and they paid me with this.† He handed the agent the dollar bill with the bizarre diagram. As the agent studied the bill, Omar suddenly put it all together. The Masons! Alexandria! One of the most famous Masonic buildings in America was in Alexandria. â€Å"That’s it!† he blurted. â€Å"The George Washington Masonic Memorial! It’s directly across from King Street Station!† â€Å"That it is,† the agent said, apparently having just come to the same realization as the rest of the agents came sprinting back from the station. â€Å"We missed them!† one of the men yelled. â€Å"Blue Line just left! They’re not down there!† Agent Simkins checked his watch and turned back to Omar. â€Å"How long does the subway take to Alexandria?† â€Å"Ten minutes at least. Probably more.† â€Å"Omar, you’ve done an excellent job. Thank you.† â€Å"Sure. What’s this all about?!† But Agent Simkins was already running back to the chopper, shouting as he went. â€Å"King Street Station! We’ll get there before they do!† Bewildered, Omar watched the great black bird lift off. It banked hard to the south across Pennsylvania Avenue, and then thundered off into the night. Underneath the cabbie’s feet, a subway train was picking up speed as it headed away from Freedom Plaza. On board, Robert Langdon and Katherine Solomon sat breathless, neither one saying a word as the train whisked them toward their destination. CHAPTER 77 The memory always began the same way. He was falling . . . plummeting backward toward an ice-covered river at the bottom of a deep ravine. Above him, the merciless gray eyes of Peter Solomon stared down over the barrel of Andros’s handgun. As he fell, the world above him receded, everything disappearing as he was enveloped by the cloud of billowing mist from the waterfall upstream. For an instant, everything was white, like heaven. Then he hit the ice. Cold. Black. Pain. He was tumbling . . . being dragged by a powerful force that pounded him relentlessly across rocks in an impossibly cold void. His lungs ached for air, and yet his chest muscles had contracted so violently in the cold that he was unable even to inhale. I’m under the ice. The ice near the waterfall was apparently thin on account of the turbulent water, and Andros had broken directly through it. You read "The Lost Symbol Chapter 76-78" in category "Essay examples" Now he was being washed downstream, trapped beneath a transparent ceiling. He clawed at the underside of the ice, trying to break out, but he had no leverage. The searing pain from the bullet hole in his shoulder was evaporating, as was the sting of the bird shot; both were blotted out now by the crippling throb of his body going numb. The current was accelerating, slingshotting him around a bend in the river. His body screamed for oxygen. Suddenly he was tangled in branches, lodged against a tree that had fallen into the water. Think! He groped wildly at the branch, working his way toward the surface, finding the spot where the branch pierced up through the ice. His fingertips found the tiny space of open water surrounding the branch, and he pulled at the edges, trying to break the hole wider; once, twice, the opening was growing, now several inches across. Propping himself against the branch, he tipped his head back and pressed his mouth against the small opening. The winter air that poured into his lungs felt warm. The sudden burst of oxygen fueled his hope. He planted his feet on the tree trunk and pressed his back and shoulders forcefully upward. The ice around the fallen tree, perforated by branches and debris, was weakened already, and as he drove his powerful legs into the trunk, his head and shoulders broke through the ice, crashing up into the winter night. Air poured into his lungs. Still mostly submerged, he wriggled desperately upward, pushing with his legs, pulling with his arms, until finally he was out of the water, lying breathless on the bare ice. Andros tore off his soaked ski mask and pocketed it, glancing back upstream for Peter Solomon. The bend in the river obscured his view. His chest was burning again. Quietly, he dragged a small branch over the hole in the ice in order to hide it. The hole would be frozen again by morning. As Andros staggered into the woods, it began to snow. He had no idea how far he had run when he stumbled out of the woods onto an embankment beside a small highway. He was delirious and hypothermic. The snow was falling harder now, and a single set of headlights approached in the distance. Andros waved wildly, and the lone pickup truck immediately pulled over. It had Vermont plates. An old man in a red plaid shirt jumped out. Andros staggered toward him, holding his bleeding chest. â€Å"A hunter . . . shot me! I need a . . . hospital!† Without hesitation, the old man helped Andros up into the passenger seat of the truck and turned up the heater. â€Å"Where’s the nearest hospital?!† Andros had no idea, but he pointed south. â€Å"Next exit.† We’re not going to a hospital. The old man from Vermont was reported missing the next day, but nobody had any idea where on his journey from Vermont he might have disappeared in the blinding snowstorm. Nor did anyone link his disappearance to the other news story that dominated the headlines the next day–the shocking murder of Isabel Solomon. When Andros awoke, he was lying in a desolate bedroom of a cheap motel that had been boarded up for the season. He recalled breaking in and binding his wounds with torn bedsheets, and then burrowing into a flimsy bed beneath a pile of musty blankets. He was famished. He limped to the bathroom and saw the pile of bloody bird-shot pellets in the sink. He vaguely recalled prying them out of his chest. Raising his eyes to the dirty mirror, he reluctantly unwrapped his bloody bandages to survey the damage. The hard muscles of his chest and abdomen had stopped the bird shot from penetrating too deep, and yet his body, once perfect, was now ruined with wounds. The single bullet fired by Peter Solomon had apparently gone cleanly through his shoulder, leaving a bloody crater. Making matters worse, Andros had failed to obtain that for which he had traveled all this distance. The pyramid. His stomach growled, and he limped outside to the man’s truck, hoping maybe to find food. The pickup was now covered with heavy snow, and Andros wondered how long he had been sleeping in this old motel. Thank God I woke up. Andros found no food anywhere in the front seat, but he did find some arthritis painkillers in the glove compartment. He took a handful, washing them down with several mouthfuls of snow. I need food. A few hours later, the pickup that pulled out from behind the old motel looked nothing like the truck that had pulled in two days earlier. The cab cap was missing, as were the hubcaps, bumper stickers, and all of the trim. The Vermont plates were gone, replaced by those from an old maintenance truck Andros had found parked by the motel Dumpster, into which he had thrown all the bloody sheets, bird shot, and other evidence that he had ever been at the motel. Andros had not given up on the pyramid, but for the moment it would have to wait. He needed to hide, heal, and above all, eat. He found a roadside diner where he gorged himself on eggs, bacon, hash browns, and three glasses of orange juice. When he was done, he ordered more food to go. Back on the road, Andros listened to the truck’s old radio. He had not seen a television or newspaper since his ordeal, and when he finally heard a local news station, the report stunned him. â€Å"FBI investigators,† a news announcer said, â€Å"continue their search for the armed intruder who murdered Isabel Solomon in her Potomac home two days ago. The murderer is believed to have fallen through the ice and been washed out to sea.† Andros froze. Murdered Isabel Solomon? He drove on in bewildered silence, listening to the full report. It was time to get far, far away from this place. The Upper West Side apartment offered breathtaking views of Central Park. Andros had chosen it because the sea of green outside his window reminded him of his lost view of the Adriatic. Although he knew he should be happy to be alive, he was not. The emptiness had never left him, and he found himself fixated on his failed attempt to steal Peter Solomon’s pyramid. Andros had spent long hours researching the Legend of the Masonic Pyramid, and although nobody seemed to agree on whether or not the pyramid was real, they all concurred on its famous promise of vast wisdom and power. The Masonic Pyramid is real, Andros told himself. My inside information is irrefutable. Fate had placed the pyramid within Andros’s reach, and he knew that ignoring it was like holding a winning lottery ticket and never cashing it in. I am the only non-Mason alive who knows the pyramid is real . . . as well as the identity of the man who guards it. Months had passed, and although his body had healed, Andros was no longer the cocky specimen he had been in Greece. He had stopped working out, and he had stopped admiring himself naked in the mirror. He felt as if his body were beginning to show signs of age. His once-perfect skin was a patchwork of scars, and this only depressed him further. He still relied on the painkillers that had nursed him through his recovery, and he felt himself slipping back to the lifestyle that had put him in Soganlik Prison. He didn’t care. The body craves what the body craves. One night, he was in Greenwich Village buying drugs from a man whose forearm had been tattooed with a long, jagged lightning bolt. Andros asked him about it, and the man told him the tattoo was covering a long scar he had gotten in a car accident. â€Å"Seeing the scar every day reminded me of the accident,† the dealer said, â€Å"and so I tattooed over it with a symbol of personal power. I took back control.† That night, high on his new stash of drugs, Andros staggered into a local tattoo parlor and took off his shirt. â€Å"I want to hide these scars,† he announced. I want to take back control. â€Å"Hide them?† The tattoo artist eyed his chest. â€Å"With what?† â€Å"Tattoos.† â€Å"Yes . . . I mean tattoos of what?† Andros shrugged, wanting nothing more than to hide the ugly reminders of his past. â€Å"I don’t know. You choose.† The artist shook his head and handed Andros a pamphlet on the ancient and sacred tradition of tattooing. â€Å"Come back when you’re ready.† Andros discovered that the New York Public Library had in its collection fifty-three books on tattooing, and within a few weeks, he had read them all. Having rediscovered his passion for reading, he began carrying entire backpacks of books back and forth between the library and his apartment, where he voraciously devoured them while overlooking Central Park. These books on tattoos had opened a door to a strange world Andros had never known existed–a world of symbols, mysticism, mythology, and the magical arts. The more he read, the more he realized how blind he had been. He began keeping notebooks of his ideas, his sketches, and his strange dreams. When he could no longer find what he wanted at the library, he paid rare-book dealers to purchase for him some of the most esoteric texts on earth. De Praestigiis Daemonum . . . Lemegeton . . . Ars Almadel . . . Grimorium Verum . . . Ars Notoria . . . and on and on. He read them all, becoming more and more certain that the world still had many treasures yet to offer him. There are secrets out there that transcend human understanding. Then he discovered the writings of Aleister Crowley–a visionary mystic from the early 1900s– whom the church had deemed â€Å"the most evil man who ever lived.† Great minds are always feared by lesser minds. Andros learned about the power of ritual and incantation. He learned that sacred words, if properly spoken, functioned like keys that opened gateways to other worlds. There is a shadow universe beyond this one . . . a world from which I can draw power. And although Andros longed to harness that power, he knew there were rules and tasks to be completed beforehand. Become something holy, Crowley wrote. Make yourself sacred. The ancient rite of â€Å"sacred making† had once been the law of the land. From the early Hebrews who made burnt offerings at the Temple, to the Mayans who beheaded humans atop the pyramids of Chichen Itza, to Jesus Christ, who offered his body on the cross, the ancients understood God’s requirement for sacrifice. Sacrifice was the original ritual by which humans drew favor from the gods and made themselves holy. Sacra–sacred. Face– make. Even though the rite of sacrifice had been abandoned eons ago, its power remained. There had been a handful of modern mystics, including Aleister Crowley, who practiced the Art, perfecting it over time, and transforming themselves gradually into something more. Andros craved to transform himself as they had. And yet he knew he would have to cross a dangerous bridge to do so. Blood is all that separates the light from the dark. One night, a crow flew through Andros’s open bathroom window and got trapped in his apartment. Andros watched the bird flutter around for a while and then finally stop, apparently accepting its inability to escape. Andros had learned enough to recognize a sign. I am being urged onward. Clutching the bird in one hand, he stood at the makeshift altar in his kitchen and raised a sharp knife, speaking aloud the incantation he had memorized. â€Å"Camiach, Eomiahe, Emial, Macbal, Emoii, Zazean . . . by the most holy names of the angels in the Book of Assamaian, I conjure thee that thou assist me in this operation by the power of the One True God.† Andros now lowered the knife and carefully pierced the large vein on the right wing of the panicked bird. The crow began to bleed. As he watched the stream of red liquid flowing down into the metal cup he had placed as a receptacle, he felt an unexpected chill in the air. Nonetheless, he continued. â€Å"Almighty Adonai, Arathron, Ashai, Elohim, Elohi, Elion, Asher Eheieh, Shaddai . . . be my aid, so that this blood may have power and efficacy in all wherein I shall wish, and in all that I shall demand.† That night, he dreamed of birds . . . of a giant phoenix rising from a billowing fire. The next morning, he awoke with an energy he had not felt since childhood. He went running in the park, faster and farther than he’d imagined possible. When he could run no longer, he stopped to do pushups and sit-ups. Countless repetitions. Still he had energy. That night, again, he dreamed of the phoenix. Autumn had fallen again on Central Park, and the wildlife were scurrying about searching for food for winter. Andros despised the cold, and yet his carefully hidden traps were now overflowing with live rats and squirrels. He took them home in his backpack, performing rituals of increasing complexity. Emanual, Massiach, Yod, He, Vaud . . . please find me worthy. The blood rituals fueled his vitality. Andros felt younger every day. He continued to read day and night–ancient mystical texts, epic medieval poems, the early philosophers–and the more he learned about the true nature of things, the more he realized that all hope for mankind was lost. They are blind . . . wandering aimlessly in a world they will never understand. Andros was still a man, but he sensed he was evolving into something else. Something greater. Something sacred. His massive physique had emerged from dormancy, more powerful now than ever before. He finally understood its true purpose. My body is but a vessel for my most potent treasure . . . my mind. Andros knew his true potential had not yet been realized, and he delved deeper. What is my destiny? All the ancient texts spoke of good and evil . . . and of man’s need to choose between them. I made my choice long ago, he knew, and yet he felt no remorse. What is evil, if not a natural law? Darkness followed light. Chaos followed order. Entropy was fundamental. Everything decayed. The perfectly ordered crystal eventually turned into random particles of dust. There are those who create . . . and those who destroy. It was not until Andros read John Milton’s Paradise Lost that he saw his destiny materialize before him. He read of the great fallen angel . . . the warrior demon who fought against the light . . . the valiant one . . . the angel called Moloch. Moloch walked the earth as a god. The angel’s name, Andros later learned, when translated to the ancient tongue, became Mal’akh. And so shall I. Like all great transformations, this one had to begin with a sacrifice . . . but not of rats, nor birds. No, this transformation required a true sacrifice. There is but one worthy sacrifice. Suddenly he had a sense of clarity unlike anything he had ever experienced in his life. His entire destiny had materialized. For three straight days he sketched on an enormous sheet of paper. When he was done, he had created a blueprint of what he would become. He hung the life-size sketch on his wall and gazed into it as if into a mirror. I am a masterpiece. The next day, he took his drawing to the tattoo parlor. He was ready. CHAPTER 78 The George Washington Masonic Memorial stands atop Shuter’s Hill in Alexandria, Virginia. Built in three distinct tiers of increasing architectural complexity from bottom to top–Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian–the structure stands as a physical symbol of man’s intellectual ascent. Inspired by the ancient Pharos lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt, this soaring tower is capped by an Egyptian pyramid with a flamelike finial. Inside the spectacular marble foyer sits a massive bronze of George Washington in full Masonic regalia, along with the actual trowel he used to lay the cornerstone of the Capitol Building. Above the foyer, nine different levels bear names like the Grotto, the Crypt Room, and the Knights Templar Chapel. Among the treasures housed within these spaces are over twenty thousand volumes of Masonic writings, a dazzling replica of the Ark of the Covenant, and even a scale model of the throne room in King Solomon’s Temple. CIA agent Simkins checked his watch as the modified UH-60 chopper skimmed in low over the Potomac. Six minutes until their train arrives. He exhaled and gazed out the window at the shining Masonic Memorial on the horizon. He had to admit, the brilliantly shining tower was as impressive as any building on the National Mall. Simkins had never been inside the memorial, and tonight would be no different. If all went according to plan, Robert Langdon and Katherine Solomon would never make it out of the subway station. â€Å"Over there!† Simkins shouted to the pilot, pointing down at the King Street subway station across from the memorial. The pilot banked the helicopter and set it down on a grassy area at the foot of Shuter’s Hill. Pedestrians looked up in surprise as Simkins and his team piled out, dashed across the street, and ran down into King Street Station. In the stairwell, several departing passengers leaped out of the way, plastering themselves to the walls as the phalanx of armed men in black thundered past them. The King Street Station was larger than Simkins had anticipated, apparently serving several different lines–Blue, Yellow, and Amtrak. He raced over to the Metro map on the wall, found Freedom Plaza and the direct line to this location. â€Å"Blue Line, southbound platform!† Simkins shouted. â€Å"Get down there and clear everyone out!† His team dashed off. Simkins rushed over to the ticket booth, flashed his identification, and shouted to the woman inside. â€Å"The next train from Metro Center–what time is it due?!† The woman inside looked frightened. â€Å"I’m not sure. Blue Line arrives every eleven minutes. There’s no set schedule.† â€Å"How long since the last train?† â€Å"Five . . . six minutes, maybe? No more than that.† Turner did the math. Perfect. The next train had to be Langdon’s. Inside a fast-moving subway car, Katherine Solomon shifted uncomfortably on the hard plastic seat. The bright fluorescent lights overhead hurt her eyes, and she fought the impulse to let her eyelids close, even for a second. Langdon sat beside her in the empty car, staring blankly down at the leather bag at his feet. His eyelids looked heavy, too, as if the rhythmic sway of the moving car were lulling him into a trance. Katherine pictured the strange contents of Langdon’s bag. Why does the CIA want this pyramid? Bellamy had said that Sato might be pursuing the pyramid because she knew its true potential. But even if this pyramid somehow did reveal the hiding place of ancient secrets, Katherine found it hard to believe that its promise of primeval mystical wisdom would interest the CIA. Then again, she reminded herself, the CIA had been caught several times running parapsychological or psi programs that bordered on ancient magic and mysticism. In 1995, the â€Å"Stargate/Scannate† scandal had exposed a classified CIA technology called remote viewing–a kind of telepathic mind travel that enabled a â€Å"viewer† to transport his mind’s eye to any location on earth and spy there, without being physically present. Of course, the technology was nothing new. Mystics called it astral projection, and yogis called it out-of-body experience. Unfortunately, horrified American taxpayers called it absurd, and the program had been scuttled. At least publicly. Ironically, Katherine saw remarkable connections between the CIA’s failed programs and her own breakthroughs in Noetic Science. Katherine felt eager to call the police and find out if they had discovered anything in Kalorama Heights, but she and Langdon were phoneless now, and making contact with the authorities would probably be a mistake anyway; there was no telling how far Sato’s reach extended. Patience, Katherine. Within minutes, they would be in a safe hiding place, guests of a man who had assured them he could provide answers. Katherine hoped his answers, whatever they might be, would help her save her brother. â€Å"Robert?† she whispered, glancing up at the subway map. â€Å"Next stop is ours.† Langdon emerged slowly from his daydream. â€Å"Right, thanks.† As the train rumbled toward the station, he collected his daybag and gave Katherine an uncertain glance. â€Å"Let’s just hope our arrival is uneventful.† By the time Turner Simkins dashed down to join his men, the subway platform had been entirely cleared, and his team was fanning out, taking up positions behind the support pillars that ran the length of the platform. A distant rumble echoed in the tunnel at the other end of the platform, and as it grew louder, Simkins felt the push of stale warm air billowing around him. No escape, Mr. Langdon. Simkins turned to the two agents he had told to join him on the platform. â€Å"Identification and weapons out. These trains are automated, but they all have a conductor who opens the doors. Find him.† The train’s headlamp now appeared down the tunnel, and the sound of squealing brakes pierced the air. As the train burst into the station and began slowing down, Simkins and his two agents leaned out over the track, waving CIA identification badges and straining to make eye contact with the conductor before he could open the doors. The train was closing fast. In the third car, Simkins finally saw the startled face of the conductor, who was apparently trying to figure out why three men in black were all waving identification badges at him. Simkins jogged toward the train, which was now nearing a full stop. â€Å"CIA!† Simkins shouted, holding up his ID. â€Å"Do NOT open the doors!† As the train glided slowly past him, he went toward the conductor’s car, shouting in at him. â€Å"Do not open your doors! Do you understand?! Do NOT open your doors!† The train came to a full stop, its wide-eyed conductor nodding repeatedly. â€Å"What’s wrong?!† the man demanded through his side window. â€Å"Don’t let this train move,† Simkins said. â€Å"And don’t open the doors.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"Can you let us into the first car?† The conductor nodded. Looking fearful, he stepped out of the train, closing the door behind him. He escorted Simkins and his men to the first car, where he manually opened the door. â€Å"Lock it behind us,† Simkins said, pulling his weapon. Simkins and his men stepped quickly into the stark light of the first car. The conductor locked the door behind them. The first car contained only four passengers–three teenage boys and an old woman–all of whom looked understandably startled to see three armed men entering. Simkins held up his ID. â€Å"Everything’s fine. Just stay seated.† Simkins and his men now began their sweep, pushing toward the back of the sealed train one car at a time–â€Å"squeezing toothpaste,† as it was called during his training at the Farm. Very few passengers were on this train, and halfway to the back, the agents still had seen nobody even remotely resembling the description of Robert Langdon and Katherine Solomon. Nonetheless, Simkins remained confident. There was absolutely no place to hide on a subway car. No bathrooms, no storage, and no alternative exits. Even if the targets had seen them board the train and fled to the back, there was no way out. Prying open a door was almost impossible, and Simkins had men watching the platform and both sides of the train anyway. Patience. By the time Simkins reached the second-to-last car, however, he was feeling edgy. This penultimate car had only one passenger–a Chinese man. Simkins and his agents moved through, scanning for any place to hide. There was none. â€Å"Last car,† Simkins said, raising his weapon as the threesome moved toward the threshold of the train’s final section. As they stepped into the last car, all three of them immediately stopped and stared. What the . . . ?! Simkins raced to the rear of the deserted cabin, searching behind all the seats. He spun back to his men, blood boiling. â€Å"Where the hell did they go?!† How to cite The Lost Symbol Chapter 76-78, Essay examples

Using Your Accounting and Business Knowledge

Question: Discuss financial statement disclosure notes required by US GAAP. Include in your writing the purpose of disclosure notes, and discuss disclosures required for a summary of significant accounting policies, subsequent events, related party transactions, and other disclosures you may wish to address. Please do not include any discussion of IFRS disclosure requirements, and do not discuss the report of independent auditors? Answer: Summary: In this report we are going to discuss the financial statement disclosures required by US GAAP. It contains discussions on the disclosures relating to some significant accounting policies and the purpose they serve for the users of financial statements. Introduction: The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted a set of accounting principles that are known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or US GAAP. When financial statements are prepared in compliance with US GAAP, certain mandatory disclosures have to be made while the management might want to include other disclosures voluntarily. GAAP has four basic assumptions, four basic principles and four basic constraints. Disclosures Helping the end users of financial statements Accounting employs a lot of assumptions and management decisions on accounting policies in the preparation of financial statements. Disclosure notes give the users of the financial statement clarity on the managements decision to employ a particular accounting policy and brings their attention to any deviation from the fundamental accounting assumptions or other facts that can influence the decisions of the users of financial statements which helps them in informed decision making. Significant accounting policies and their disclosure requirements 1. Accounting changes and error correction(1) a. When any change in accounting principle is made the reason for the change along with the retrospective adjustment of any prior period information has to be disclosed in that fiscal year.b. If retrospective adjustment is not practical then the reasons for the same along with alternate method of reporting the change has to be disclosed.c. On restatement of financial statements of prior period to correct an error, the same has to be disclosed along with the effect of correction on at line item level.d. Purpose: Users of financial statement will take decisions based on principles or amounts which no longer exist and thus it would mislead them into making incorrect decisions if proper disclosure is not made.2. Related party disclosures(2) a. Related party transactions of material amounts have to be disclosed indicating the nature of relationship, description and the value of such transactions.b. Any amount due to/from related parties as on the balance sheet date have to be disclosed. c. Purpose: Related party transactions have a significant influence on the decisions of the users of financial statements as it shows the value and nature of transactions between related parties and the proportion of the same to the total activities of the organization.3. Subsequent events(3) a. In case of recognized subsequent events the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated has to be disclosed.b. In case of non recognized subsequent events that need to be disclosed to avoid misleading the user, the disclosure shall include the nature of the event and an estimate of the financial effect.c. Purpose: The user will consider subsequent events that have changed the existing circumstances and take decisions accordingly.4. Segment reporting(4)-a. The criteria for a reportable segment is: Reported revenue is 10% or more of the combined revenue Reported profit or loss is 10% or more in absolute terms of combined profit or loss Assets are 10% or more of the combined assets b. Factors for determining reportable segment based on geography, products and services or regulatory requirements need to be disclosedc. All public entities need to provide details about major customers. Major customers are those who contribute more than 10% of the entitys revenue.d. Purpose: It helps users of financial statements identify the major drivers of an organizations growth, identify those segments which are the most profitable or the ones which are lagging in performance.5. Fair value disclosures(5) a. The fair value of financial instruments needs to be disclosed which includes: Fair value along with carrying amounts of required items Disclosure of reason why fair value cannot be estimated b. Credit risk, market risk and how such risks are managedc. Purpose: The disclosure gives the user information whether valuation has been done based on historical cost or fair value.6. Non monetary transactions(6) a. If the entity has engaged in any non monetary transactions during the year, the same shall be disclosed in the financial statements stating: Nature of the transaction Basis of accounting Profit or loss recognized on the transactionb. The amount of gross operating revenue recognized due to such transaction needs to be disclosedc. Purpose: Non monetary transactions impact the cash flow of the organization and if the user is concerned with cash flows, this disclosure can impact his decision. References: 1. FASB (2005), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 154, Accessed on 19th March, 2015 https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1218220125351acceptedDisclaimer=true2. Public Resource Org, 850 Related Party Disclosures, Accessed on 19th March, 2015 https://law.resource.org/pub/us/code/bean/fasb.html/fasb.850.2011.html3. FASB (2013), FASB US GAAP Implementation Guide Series, Accessed on 19th March, 2015 URL: https://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=id blobwhere=1175826391002blobheader=application%2Fpdfblobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobs4. Ernst Young (2014), Segment Reporting, Accessed on 19th March, 2015 https://www.ey.com/publication/vwluassetsdld/financialreportingdevelopments_bb0698_segmentreporting_19june2014/$file/financialreportingdevelopments_bb0698_segmentreporting_19june2014.pdf?OpenElement5. Readyratios (2012), US GAAP Disclosure List 2012, Accessed on 19th March, 2015 https://www.readyratios.com/usgaap/FinancialInstrumentsFairValueDisclosures6. Public Resource Org, 845 Non monetary transactions, Accessed on 19th March, 2015 https://law.resource.org/pub/us/code/bean/fasb.html/fasb.845.2011.html